Harm Reduction

CANAC recognizes harm reduction as a pragmatic public health approach aimed at reducing the adverse health, social and economic consequences of at-risk activities. Harm reduction is most commonly used in relation to public health programming with people who use psychoactive substances, but it can also be applied to programs that address alcohol use, sexual practices, cycling, driving, gaming and others. We believe that harm reduction does not require at-risk practices be discontinued while focusing on promoting safety, preventing death and disability, and supporting safer use for the health and safety of all individuals, families and communities.

We recognize that inequities in access to health care are prevalent for those who use drugs, and that these disparities are further exacerbated by the social determinants of health, including inadequate housing, poverty, unemployment and the lack of social support. We believe that harm reduction is part of a comprehensive health-care response to the health and social harms experienced by people who use substances, and that it complements abstinence, prevention and treatment strategies for substance use. We recognize that many people benefit from the use of harm reduction strategies: those who use drugs and their families, who need supportive health care and social services; nurses and other health-care professionals, who offer harm reduction as an option to their clients; and the public, who enjoy safer communities and a decreased burden on the health-care system. Harm reduction emphasizes human rights and the importance of treating all people with respect, dignity and compassion, regardless of drug use. It is a non-judgmental approach that accepts the person as they are and their right to make choices. Policies and programs must be based on best evidence, cost-effectiveness and local needs while involving the participation of those who use drugs in decisions that affect them.